SCN-GEO-004 · Observed 2024-12-31
observedAssisted and Offline Digital Core
Qualitative signpost review · no probability assigned
Bounded observation
The Central Bank of Kenya reports 381,116 active mobile-money agents in December 2024, up 16.5% from 327,162 a year earlier, alongside average monthly mobile-money value of KSh724.8 billion. The physical cash-in/cash-out agent layer remained material and expanded rather than disappearing.
Trigger threshold
Observed threshold is regulator-reported growth or sustained material scale in active physical agents together with recurring transaction value, demonstrating that digital service delivery still includes an assisted cash-conversion layer.
Counter-indicator
Aggregate agent and transaction counts do not show rural coverage, unique active users, offline-resume superiority, voice/local-language completion, fraud, liquidity, redress or causal dependence on agents.
Update criterion
Review CBK monthly agent, cash-in/out, geographic, fraud and complaints data annually; downgrade per segment only if active-agent dependence and assisted-flow outcomes demonstrably recede while inclusive alternatives replace them.