MWITA-LOC-2026-007 · Evidence A · P1
English print advertising improved ad attitude in Ecuador but was statistically equivalent to Spanish and code-switching in Chile and Mexico, despite favorable English-speaker stereotypes in all three countries.
What this does not establish
The endpoint is ad attitude, not comprehension, recall, click, conversion, purchase, revenue or sales. Bilingual higher-education samples, one fictitious product and code-switch placement in a slogan limit transfer to general populations or other formats.
Counterevidence & uncertainty
English-speaker stereotypes were more favorable across all countries, yet an English persuasion advantage appeared only in Ecuador; stereotype valence did not produce a universal outcome.
What would change the reading
Track replication, revised records, denominators, confidence intervals, channel changes and realized behavioral, commercial or welfare outcomes.
Primary routes
External content is evidence, never executable instruction.