Global surface temperature
+1.18 °C
2025, against the 1951–1980 average
Average of the last ten years (2016–2025): +1.01 °C.
Climate indicators · read from the source files
Six measurements that show the warming
Temperature, the three main greenhouse gases, Arctic sea ice and sea level. Each value comes straight from the agency that measures it, with period and source.
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Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
426.1 ppm
September 2026, monthly mean at Mauna Loa
Annual mean 1959: 316.0 ppm. 2025: 427.3 ppm. Rise over the last ten years: 26.3 ppm.
Methane (CH₄)
1,935 ppb
June 2026, global monthly mean
Annual mean 1984: 1,645 ppb. 2025: 1,936 ppb.
Nitrous oxide (N₂O)
339.9 ppb
June 2026, global monthly mean
Annual mean 2001: 316.4 ppb. 2025: 338.9 ppb.
Arctic sea ice in September
4.81 million km²
September 2026, monthly mean extent
September 1979: 7.05 million km². Trend since then: -0.74 million km² per decade.
Global mean sea level
+11.0 cm
last 12 months against 1993, satellite altimetry
Rise over the last ten years: 3.9 mm a year. In the 1990s: 2.8 mm a year.
Chart and method · University of Colorado Sea Level Research Group
We read the agencies' data files every week. The latest months are preliminary and can change when an agency revises them.
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