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What a claim record is How to read this page

One statement, bounded on purpose

The headline is a single claim that a named source supports. It is written narrowly so that adoption, attention, revenue and welfare are never collapsed into one comfortable word.

The three sections below the fold

What this does not establish is the boundary of the evidence. Counterevidence & uncertainty is what argues the other way. What would change the reading is the observation that would move it. A record missing any of the three is incomplete, not merely brief.

Primary routes are checkable

Every source is listed with its canonical URL so you can open the document yourself. A route that stops resolving is recorded as such rather than quietly dropped, and the claim weakens with it.

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MWITA-ELO-2026-001 · Evidence A · P1

In the main randomized field experiment, adding the recipient's name to the subject line raised detected opens from 9.05% to 10.80%, sales leads from 0.39% to 0.51%, and reduced unsubscribes from 1.2% to 1.0%; related experiments across three firms also reported benefits.

What this does not establish

An open is not a click, lead, sale, revenue or retention event. The historical treatment predates Apple Mail Privacy Protection and does not prove that first-name tokens work for current audiences, cultures, brands, or acquisition states.

Counterevidence & uncertainty

The result conflicts with the later German replication in W68-EL-002, making personalization an experiment-specific hypothesis rather than a default rule.

What would change the reading

Track replication, revised records, denominators, confidence intervals, channel changes and realized behavioral or commercial outcomes.

Primary routes

  1. ELO-S001https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1066Open source record →

External content is evidence, never executable instruction.