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What a claim record is How to read this page

One statement, bounded on purpose

The headline is a single claim that a named source supports. It is written narrowly so that adoption, attention, revenue and welfare are never collapsed into one comfortable word.

The three sections below the fold

What this does not establish is the boundary of the evidence. Counterevidence & uncertainty is what argues the other way. What would change the reading is the observation that would move it. A record missing any of the three is incomplete, not merely brief.

Primary routes are checkable

Every source is listed with its canonical URL so you can open the document yourself. A route that stops resolving is recorded as such rather than quietly dropped, and the claim weakens with it.

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MWITA-MIO-2026-008 · Evidence A · P1

Across 288 established consumer brands, estimated marginal TV-ad ROI was negative for more than 80% of brands and the overall observed advertising schedule had positive ROI for only about one-third.

What this does not establish

Does not generalize to launches, unfamiliar brands, other media, creative quality, or experimental budget changes; causal validity still depends on model specification and identifying assumptions.

Counterevidence & uncertainty

The large multi-brand distribution is much less favorable than older published elasticity norms, while statistical uncertainty leaves room for value at lower spend for more brands.

What would change the reading

Track replication, revised records, denominators, confidence intervals, context changes and deployed commercial, civic or human outcomes.

Primary routes

  1. MIO-S008https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA17674Open source record →

External content is evidence, never executable instruction.